About the Authors

Hanne Frøkiær

hafr@sund.ku.dk

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark

Louise Henningsen

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark

Stine Broeng Metzdorff

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark

Gudrun Weiss

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark

Marc Roller

Affiliation Naturex SA, Avignon, France

John Flanagan

Affiliation Naturex Spain, Quart de Poblet, Spain

Emilie Fromentin

Affiliation Naturex Spain, Quart de Poblet, Spain

Alvin Ibarra

Affiliation Naturex Incorporated, South Hackensack, New Jersey, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: Naturex is involved in the research/development and marketing/sales of astragalus root and elderberry fruit extracts as ingredients for the food, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. Therefore, Naturex has a commercial interest in this publication. The University of Copenhagen was paid by Naturex to perform and report the scientific work that formed the basis of this publication. The University of Copenhagen and Naturex declare that the data in this report represent a true and faithful representation of the work that has been performed. The financial assistance from Naturex is gratefully acknowledged. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The following authors are employees at Naturex: Marc Roller: Naturex SA, Site d'Agroparc BP 1218, 84911 Avignon Cedex 9, France, Emilie Fromentin: Naturex Spain, S.L. Autovia A3, Salida 343, 46930 Quart de Poblet, Spain, and Alvin Ibarra: Naturex Inc, 375 Huyler St., South Hackensack, NJ 07606, USA. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There is no patent to declare..

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HF MR AI. Performed the experiments: LH SBM EVAF GW. Analyzed the data: HF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MR AI. Wrote the paper: HF EF AI JF.