About the Authors

Fathiya M. Khamis

fkhamis@icipe.org

Affiliations African Fruit Fly Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya

Daniel K. Masiga

Affiliation Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

Samira A. Mohamed

Affiliation African Fruit Fly Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

Daisy Salifu

Affiliation African Fruit Fly Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

Marc de Meyer

Affiliation Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium

Sunday Ekesi

Affiliation African Fruit Fly Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FMK SE DM MDM SAM. Performed the experiments: FMK. Analyzed the data: FMK DS SAM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SE FMK SAM DS DM MDM. Wrote the paper: FMK DM SAM DS MDM SE.