About the Authors

Brice B. Hanberry

hanberryb@missouri.edu

Affiliation Department of Forestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America

Hong S. He

Affiliation Department of Forestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America

Brian J. Palik

Affiliation USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BBH. Performed the experiments: BBH. Analyzed the data: BBH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BBH. Wrote the paper: BBH. Edited and provided suggestions for readability and clarity: HSH. Developed the research framework and provided guidance throughout the project: HSH BJP.