About the Authors

Samuel Nyamweya

Affiliation Medical Research Council (UK), Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa

John Townend

Affiliation Medical Research Council (UK), Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa

Akram Zaman

Affiliations Medical Research Council (UK), Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom

Sarah Jane Steele

Affiliation University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

David Jeffries

Affiliation Medical Research Council (UK), Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa

Sarah Rowland-Jones

Affiliation Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom

Hilton Whittle

Affiliation Medical Research Council (UK), Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa

Katie L. Flanagan

Contributed equally to this work with: Katie L. Flanagan, Assan Jaye

Affiliation Medical Research Council (UK), Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa

Assan Jaye

Contributed equally to this work with: Katie L. Flanagan, Assan Jaye

ajaye@mrc.gm.

Affiliation Medical Research Council (UK), Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AJ HW. Performed the experiments: SN KLF. Analyzed the data: JT SJS DJ AZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SRJ. Wrote the paper: AJ KLF SN HW.