About the Authors
- Yuki Kita
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Contributed equally to this work with: Yuki Kita, Toshinari Takamura
Affiliation Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Toshinari Takamura
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Contributed equally to this work with: Yuki Kita, Toshinari Takamura
* E-mail: ttakamura@m-kanazawa.jp
Affiliation Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Hirofumi Misu
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Affiliation Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Tsuguhito Ota
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Affiliation Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Seiichiro Kurita
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Affiliation Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Yumie Takeshita
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Affiliation Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Masafumi Uno
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Affiliation Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Naoto Matsuzawa-Nagata
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Affiliation Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Ken-ichiro Kato
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Affiliation Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Hitoshi Ando
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Affiliation Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Akio Fujimura
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Affiliation Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Koji Hayashi
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Affiliation Genomic Science Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Toru Kimura
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Affiliation Genomic Science Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Yinhua Ni
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Affiliation Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Toshiki Otoda
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Affiliation Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Ken-ichi Miyamoto
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Affiliation Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Yoh Zen
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Affiliation Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Yasuni Nakanuma
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Affiliation Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
- Shuichi Kaneko
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Affiliation Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan
Competing Interests
Koji Hayashi and Toru Kimura are on the staff of Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, which deals in metformin. Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma supported the study by materials but has no role in the study design and has no financial interest of the results. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: TT. Performed the experiments: YK HM S. Kurita YT MU NMN KK HA KH TK Y. Ni T. Otoda YZ. Analyzed the data: YK TT KH TK YZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KH TK. Wrote the paper: YK TT HM. Contributed to discussion: YK TT HM T. Ota AF KM Y. Nakanuma S. Kaneko.