About the Authors

A. S. Lee

Affiliations Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, No.2, Taichung, Taiwan, L5 Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, No.2, Taichung, Taiwan, China Medical University, No.91, Taichung, Taiwan

W. P. Chen

Affiliation Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.1, Taipei, Taiwan

Y. L. Kuo

Contributed equally to this work with: Y. L. Kuo, Y. J. Ho

Affiliation Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.1, Taipei, Taiwan

Y. J. Ho

Contributed equally to this work with: Y. L. Kuo, Y. J. Ho

Affiliation Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.1, Taipei, Taiwan

S. S. Lee

Affiliation School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.1, Taipei, Taiwan

M. J. Su

mingja@ntu.edu.tw

Affiliation Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.1, Taipei, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: A-SL. Performed the experiments: A-SL YLK YJH. Analyzed the data: A-SL WPC. Wrote the paper: A-SL WPC. Provided advice on experimental design: WPC. Isolated and purified thaliporphine: SSL. Supervised the research direction, design, and strategic approach: MJS. Provided advice on data analysis and interpretation and manuscript writing: MJS.