About the Authors

Nancy J. Phillips

Affiliation Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Christopher T. Steichen

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Birgit Schilling

Affiliation Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America

Deborah M. B. Post

Affiliation Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America

Richard K. Niles

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Thomas B. Bair

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Megan L. Falsetta

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Michael A. Apicella

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Bradford W. Gibson

bgibson@buckinstitute.org

Affiliations Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Designed software for the analysis: RKN TBB. Conceived and designed the experiments: BWG MAA NJP. Performed the experiments: NJP CTS BS MLF. Analyzed the data: NJP CTS BS DMBP RKN TBB MLF MAA BWG. Wrote the paper: NJP CTS BS MAA BWG.