About the Authors

Stéphane G. Paquette

Affiliations Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

David Banner

Affiliation Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Zhen Zhao

Affiliation International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China

Yuan Fang

Affiliations Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Stephen S. H. Huang

Affiliations Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Alberto J. Leόn

Affiliations Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China

Derek C. K. Ng

Affiliation Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Raquel Almansa

Affiliation Infection and Immunity Medical Investigation Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario - Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y Leόn, Valladolid, Spain

Ignacio Martin-Loeches

Affiliation Critical Care Centre Parc Tauli, Sabadell University Hospital, Sabadell, Spain

Paula Ramirez

Affiliation Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe - Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crìtica y Unidades Coronarias, Valencia, Spain

Lorenzo Socias

Affiliation Critical Care Department, Hospital Son Llatzer - Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crìtica y Unidades Coronarias, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

Ana Loza

Affiliation Critical Care Department, Hospital N Sra de Valme - Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crìtica y Unidades Coronarias, Sevilla, Spain

Jesus Blanco

Affiliation Critical Care Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega - Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León - Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crìtica y Unidades Coronarias and El Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Valladolid, Spain

Paola Sansonetti

Affiliation Instituto di Microbiologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Jordi Rello

Affiliation Critical Care Department, area General, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, El Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias - Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crìtica y Unidades Coronarias, Barcelona, Spain

David Andaluz

Affiliation Critical Care Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario- Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León/Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crìtica y Unidades Coronarias, Valladolid, Spain

Bianche Shum

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Salvatore Rubino

Affiliation Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita’ degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy

Raul Ortiz de Lejarazu

Affiliation Infection and Immunity Medical Investigation Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario - Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y Leόn, Valladolid, Spain

Dat Tran

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Giovanni Delogu

Affiliation Instituto di Microbiologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Giovanni Fadda

Affiliation Instituto di Microbiologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Sigmund Krajden

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Barry B. Rubin

Affiliation Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jesús F. Bermejo-Martin

Affiliation Infection and Immunity Medical Investigation Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario - Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y Leόn, Valladolid, Spain

Alyson A. Kelvin

Affiliation Immune Diagnostics & Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

David J. Kelvin

dkelvin@jidc.org

Affiliations Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita’ degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy, Immune Diagnostics & Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SGP DB RA JFB AAK DJK. Performed the experiments: SGP DB ZZ YF SSHH DCKN RA IM PR LS AL JB PS JR DA BS RL. Analyzed the data: SGP DB ZZ AJL RA JFB AAK DJK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SR DT GD GF SK BBR JFB DJK. Wrote the paper: SGP RA JFB AAK DJK.