About the Authors

Jessica E. Mitchell

Affiliations Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa

Shivan Chetty

Affiliation Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa

Pamla Govender

Affiliation Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa

Mona Pillay

Affiliation Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa

Manjeetha Jaggernath

Affiliation Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa

Anne Kasmar

Affiliation Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Thumbi Ndung’u

Affiliations Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa

Paul Klenerman

Affiliation Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and James Martin School for 21st Century, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Bruce D. Walker

Affiliations Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa

Victoria O. Kasprowicz

vkasprowicz@partners.org

Affiliations Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Kwazulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (K-RITH), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VOK PK AK JM. Performed the experiments: SC PG MP JM. Analyzed the data: VOK AK SC PG MP PK JM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MJ TN BW PK. Wrote the paper: VOK PK AK TN.