About the Authors

Waleed A. Farahat

Contributed equally to this work with: Waleed A. Farahat, Levi B. Wood

wfarahat@mit.edu

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Levi B. Wood

Contributed equally to this work with: Waleed A. Farahat, Levi B. Wood

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ioannis K. Zervantonakis

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alisha Schor

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sharon Ong

Affiliation BioSym Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore

Devin Neal

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Roger D. Kamm

Affiliations Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, BioSym Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore

H. Harry Asada

Affiliations Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, BioSym Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore

Competing Interests

A provisional U.S. patent application has been submitted covering the device disclosed in this manuscript. WAF, LBW, RDK and HHA are listed as inventors on this application. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WAF LBW RDK HHA. Performed the experiments: WAF LBW IKZ SO AS DN. Analyzed the data: WAF IKZ. Wrote the paper: WAF LBW IKZ RDK HHA.