About the Authors

Ramzi J. Khairallah

Affiliation Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Junhwan Kim

Affiliation Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Karen M. O'Shea

Affiliation Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Kelly A. O'Connell

Affiliation Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Bethany H. Brown

Affiliation Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Tatiana Galvao

Affiliation Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Caroline Daneault

Affiliation Department of Nutrition and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebecc, Canada

Christine Des Rosiers

Affiliation Department of Nutrition and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebecc, Canada

Brian M. Polster

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, and Shock, Trauma, and the Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Charles L. Hoppel

Affiliation Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

William C. Stanley

wstanley@medicine.umaryland.edu

Affiliation Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RJK KMO BMP WCS. Performed the experiments: RJK KMO KAO BHB CD. Analyzed the data: RJK JK KMO CDR KAO BHB TG BMP WCS CLH CD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JK CDR WCS CLH. Wrote the paper: RJK JK CDR BMP WCS CLH.