About the Authors

Mahmoud Aarabi

Affiliations Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

Yang Yu

Affiliation Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Wei Xu

Affiliation Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Man Y. Tse

Affiliation Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Stephen C. Pang

Affiliation Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Young-Joo Yi

Affiliation Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America

Peter Sutovsky

Affiliations Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America, Departments of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America

Richard Oko

ro3@queensu.ca

Affiliation Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MA PS RO. Performed the experiments: MA YY WX YJY MT. Analyzed the data: MA SP PS RO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MT SP PS RO. Wrote the paper: MA RO.