About the Authors

Ling Meng

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center and Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Liu Yang

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center and Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Xiangxuan Zhao

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center and Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Lucy Zhang

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center and Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Haizhen Zhu

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China

Chen Liu

Contributed equally to this work with: Chen Liu, Weihong Tan

tan@chem.ufl.edu (WT); liu@pathology.ufl.edu (CL)

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center and Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Weihong Tan

Contributed equally to this work with: Chen Liu, Weihong Tan

tan@chem.ufl.edu (WT); liu@pathology.ufl.edu (CL)

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center and Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LM CL WT. Performed the experiments: LM LY XZ LZ HZ. Analyzed the data: LM LY LZ CL WT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LM LY XZ LZ HZ. Wrote the paper: LM CL WT.