About the Authors

Leiliang Zhang

Affiliations Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Zhi Hong

Affiliation Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

Wenyu Lin

Affiliation Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Run-Xuan Shao

Affiliation Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kaku Goto

Affiliation Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Victor W. Hsu

Affiliation Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Raymond T. Chung

rtchung@partners.org

Affiliation Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LZ RTC. Performed the experiments: LZ ZH. Analyzed the data: LZ RTC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LZ ZH WL RS KG VWH. Wrote the paper: LZ RTC.