About the Authors

Joakim Hjältén

joakim.hjalten@slu.se

Affiliation Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Sweden

E. Petter Axelsson

Affiliation Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Sweden

Thomas G. Whitham

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Carri J. LeRoy

Affiliation Environmental Studies Program, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington, United States of America

Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland

Anders Wennström

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Gilles Pilate

Affiliation Génétique et Physiologie Forestières, INRA, UR0588 Amélioration, Orléans, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JH EPA TGW CJL RJT AW GP. Performed the experiments: JH EPA. Analyzed the data: JH EPA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CJL RJT GP. Wrote the paper: JH EPA TGW CJL RJT AW GP.