About the Authors

Jie Liu

jliu22@partners.org

Affiliation Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Gloria Y. Lee

Affiliation Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Joel A. Lawitts

Affiliation Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mehmet Toner

Affiliation Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

John D. Biggers

Affiliations Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JL GYL MT JDB. Performed the experiments: JL GYL JAL. Analyzed the data: JL GYL JDB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JAL MT JDB. Wrote the paper: JL GYL MT JDB.