About the Authors

Mukesh K. Gupta

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Joel M. Walthall

Affiliations Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Raghav Venkataraman

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Spencer W. Crowder

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Dae Kwang Jung

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Shann S. Yu

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Tromondae K. Feaster

Affiliations Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Xintong Wang

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Todd D. Giorgio

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Charles C. Hong

Affiliations Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Franz J. Baudenbacher

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Antonis K. Hatzopoulos

Affiliations Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Hak-Joon Sung

hak-joon.sung@vanderbilt.edu

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MKG JMW RV SWC DKJ SSY TKF XW TDG CCH FJB AKH H-JS. Performed the experiments: MKG JMW RV SWC DKJ SSY TKF. Analyzed the data: MKG RV SWC DKJ CCH XW FJB AKH H-JS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MKG JMW RV SWC DKJ SSY TKF XW TDG CCH FJB AKH H-JS. Wrote the paper: MKG RV SWC XW CCH FJB H-JS.