About the Authors

Toru Kobayashi

torukoba@bri.niigata-u.ac.jp

Affiliations Department of Project Programs, Center for Bioresource-based Researches, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan, Research Project for Addictive Substances, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

Kazuo Washiyama

Affiliation Department of Project Programs, Center for Bioresource-based Researches, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

Kazutaka Ikeda

Affiliation Research Project for Addictive Substances, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TK. Performed the experiments: TK. Analyzed the data: TK KW KI. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TK KW KI. Wrote the paper: TK KI.