About the Authors

Peter M. Janiszewski

Affiliation School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Robert Ross

rossr@queensu.ca

Affiliations School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Jean-Pierre Despres

Affiliation Québec Heart Institute, Hôpital Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

Isabelle Lemieux

Affiliation Québec Heart Institute, Hôpital Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

Gabriella Orlando

Affiliation Metabolic Clinic, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

Federica Carli

Affiliation Metabolic Clinic, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

Pietro Bagni

Affiliation Metabolic Clinic, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

Marianna Menozzi

Affiliation Metabolic Clinic, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

Stefano Zona

Affiliation Metabolic Clinic, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

Giovanni Guaraldi

Affiliation Metabolic Clinic, Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

Competing Interests

Dr. Ross receives honoraria for lectures from scientific, educational and lay groups; receives research funding from Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Heart and Stroke foundation of Ontario, Marks Work Warehouse and Sanofi-Aventis; is a member of the Canadian Sugar Institute Advisory Board. Dr. Guaraldi has received research grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Theratechnologies and Tibotec. He has received honoraria as speaker and/or advisor from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer, Theratechnologies, and Tibotec. Drs. Janiszewski and Zona have no conflicts to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RR J-PD SZ GG. Performed the experiments: GO FC PB MM SZ GG. Analyzed the data: PMJ SZ. Wrote the paper: PMJ RR J-PD SZ IL GG.