About the Authors

Toru Ichihashi

Affiliation Department of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Reiko Yoshida

Affiliation Department of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Chihiro Sugimoto

Affiliation Department of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Ayato Takada

Affiliation Department of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Kiichi Kajino

kiichi@czc.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TI KK. Performed the experiments: TI KK. Analyzed the data: TI KK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TI RY CS AT KK. Wrote the paper: TI KK.