About the Authors

Michael L. Collyer

Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America, Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States of America

Jeffrey S. Heilveil

Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America, Biology Department, SUNY College at Oneonta, Oneonta, New York, United States of America

Craig A. Stockwell

Craig.Stockwell@ndsu.edu

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Performed the experiments: CAS MLC JSH. Analyzed the data: MLC JSH. Wrote the paper: MLC CAS JSH. Interpreted and synthesized findings: CAS MLC JSH.