About the Authors

Tove M. Gabrielsen

Contributed equally to this work with: Tove M. Gabrielsen, Marianne A. Minge

Current address: Department of Arctic Biology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway

Affiliation Centre of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Marianne A. Minge

Contributed equally to this work with: Tove M. Gabrielsen, Marianne A. Minge

Affiliation Centre of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Mari Espelund

Affiliation Centre of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Ave Tooming-Klunderud

Affiliation Centre of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Vishwanath Patil

Affiliation Centre of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Alexander J. Nederbragt

Affiliation Centre of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Christian Otis

Affiliation Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada

Monique Turmel

Affiliation Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada

Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi

Affiliation Microbial Evolution Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Claude Lemieux

Affiliation Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada

Kjetill S. Jakobsen

k.s.jakobsen@bio.uio.no

Affiliation Centre of Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TMG MT KST CL KSJ. Performed the experiments: TMG ME ATK VP AJN CO. Analyzed the data: TMG MAM ME CL. Wrote the paper: TMG MAM. Designed additional experiments: ME ATK. Revised the manuscript: ME MT KST CL KSJ.