About the Authors

Brigitte M. Krenn

Contributed equally to this work with: Brigitte M. Krenn, Andrej Egorov

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Andrej Egorov

Contributed equally to this work with: Brigitte M. Krenn, Andrej Egorov

a.egorov@greenhillsbiotech.com

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

Markus Wolschek

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Sabine Nakowitsch

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Tanja Ruthsatz

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Bettina Kiefmann

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Alexander Morokutti

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Johannes Humer

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Janina Geiler

Affiliation Institute for Medical Virology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

Jindrich Cinatl

Affiliation Institute for Medical Virology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

Martin Michaelis

Affiliation Institute for Medical Virology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

Nina Wressnigg

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Sanda Sturlan

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Boris Ferko

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Oleg V. Batishchev

Affiliation A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia

Andrey V. Indenbom

Affiliation A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia

Rong Zhu

Affiliation Christian Doppler Laboratory of Nanoscopic Methods in Biophysics, Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria

Markus Kastner

Affiliation Christian Doppler Laboratory of Nanoscopic Methods in Biophysics, Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria

Peter Hinterdorfer

Affiliation Christian Doppler Laboratory of Nanoscopic Methods in Biophysics, Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria

Oleg Kiselev

Affiliation Influenza Research Institute, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

Thomas Muster

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Julia Romanova

Affiliation Avir Green Hills Biotechnology AG, Vienna, Austria

Competing Interests

AVIR Green Hills Biotechnology (AGHB) is a privately held biopharmaceutical company based in Vienna (Austria) that draws on its own knowledge in virology to develop and commercialize an intranasal live attenuated vaccine targeting pandemic influenza disease among other products in the pipeline. BMK, AE, MW, SN, TR, BK, AM, NW, SS, BF, JH, TM, and RJ were employees of AGHB at the time of study. IPR rights related to this manuscript are covered by the following IP rights: DelNs1 mutants are covered by patents from AGHB and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Patent applications covering the technology platform of the influenza virus and virus amplification procedure are fully owned by AGHB. In adherence to the PLoS guidelines, AGHB will make freely available any materials and information described in the publication that are reasonably requested by others for the purpose of academic, non-commercial research.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BMK AE MW SN RZ PH OK TM JC MM JR. Performed the experiments: BMK ER TR BK AM NW SS BF OB AI MK JH JG. Analyzed the data: BMK AE RZ PH TM JR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ER TR SS RZ PH. Wrote the paper: BMK AE JR OB AI.