About the Authors

JoonHo Lee

Affiliation Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Roberto Romero

prbchiefstaff@med.wayne.edu (RR); cjkim@med.wayne.edu (CJK)

Affiliations Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Yi Xu

Affiliation Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Jung-Sun Kim

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Vanessa Topping

Affiliation Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Wonsuk Yoo

Affiliation Translational Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Juan Pedro Kusanovic

Affiliations Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Rio Hospital, Santiago, Chile, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa

Affiliations Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Sonia S. Hassan

Affiliations Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Bo Hyun Yoon

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Chong Jai Kim

prbchiefstaff@med.wayne.edu (RR); cjkim@med.wayne.edu (CJK)

Affiliations Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JL RR J-SK JPK TC SSH BHY CJK. Performed the experiments: JL YX VT WY CJK. Analyzed the data: JL RR YX J-SK VT WY JPK TC SSH BHY CJK. Wrote the paper: JL RR YX J-SK VT WY JPK TC SSH BHY CJK.