About the Authors

Emily S. Charlson

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jun Chen

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Rebecca Custers-Allen

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Kyle Bittinger

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Hongzhe Li

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Rohini Sinha

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jennifer Hwang

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Frederic D. Bushman

collmanr@mail.med.upenn.edu (RGC); bushman@mail.med.upenn.edu (FDB)

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Ronald G. Collman

collmanr@mail.med.upenn.edu (RGC); bushman@mail.med.upenn.edu (FDB)

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ESC RGC FDB. Performed the experiments: ESC RC-A JH. Analyzed the data: ESC JC KB HL RS FDB. Wrote the paper: ESC RGC FDB.