About the Authors

Angela Kaida

angela_kaida@sfu.ca

Affiliation Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada

Fatima Laher

Affiliation Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa

Steffanie A. Strathdee

Affiliation Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America

Deborah Money

Affiliations Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada

Patricia A. Janssen

Affiliations School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada

Robert S. Hogg

Affiliations Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada, BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada

Glenda Gray

Affiliation Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AK RH GEG. Performed the experiments: AK FL. Analyzed the data: AK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AK FL SS DM RH GEG. Wrote the paper: AK. Implemented and managed the study: FL. Contributed to the literature review and the Discussion section: FL SS DM PJ RH GEG. Reviewed numerous drafts of the article: FL SS DM PJ RH GEG. Informed the study's analytic strategy: SS PJ RH GEG. Supervised the study: RH GEG.