About the Authors

Nicholas M. Bernthal

Affiliation Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Alexandra I. Stavrakis

Affiliation Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Fabrizio Billi

Affiliation Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

John S. Cho

Affiliation Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Thomas J. Kremen

Affiliation Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Scott I. Simon

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

Ambrose L. Cheung

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Gerald A. Finerman

Affiliation Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Jay R. Lieberman

Affiliation New England Musculoskeletal Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America

John S. Adams

Affiliation Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Lloyd S. Miller

lloydmiller@mednet.ucla.edu

Affiliations Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NMB AIS FB JC TJK SIS AC GAF JL JA LSM. Performed the experiments: NMB AIS FB JC TJK LSM. Analyzed the data: NMB AIS FB JC TJK SIS AC GAF JL JA LSM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NMB FB JC TJK SIS AC GAF JL JA LSM. Wrote the paper: NMB AIS SIS JL JA LSM.