About the Authors
- Will Fischer
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Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Vitaly V. Ganusov
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Contributed equally to this work with: Vitaly V. Ganusov, Elena E. Giorgi, Peter T. Hraber, Brandon F. Keele, Thomas Leitner
Affiliations Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America, Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Elena E. Giorgi
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Contributed equally to this work with: Vitaly V. Ganusov, Elena E. Giorgi, Peter T. Hraber, Brandon F. Keele, Thomas Leitner
Affiliations Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Peter T. Hraber
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Contributed equally to this work with: Vitaly V. Ganusov, Elena E. Giorgi, Peter T. Hraber, Brandon F. Keele, Thomas Leitner
Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Brandon F. Keele
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Contributed equally to this work with: Vitaly V. Ganusov, Elena E. Giorgi, Peter T. Hraber, Brandon F. Keele, Thomas Leitner
Affiliation SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Thomas Leitner
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Contributed equally to this work with: Vitaly V. Ganusov, Elena E. Giorgi, Peter T. Hraber, Brandon F. Keele, Thomas Leitner
Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Cliff S. Han
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Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Cheryl D. Gleasner
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Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Lance Green
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Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Chien-Chi Lo
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Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Ambarish Nag
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Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Timothy C. Wallstrom
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Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Shuyi Wang
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Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Andrew J. McMichael
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Affiliation Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Barton F. Haynes
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Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Beatrice H. Hahn
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Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Alan S. Perelson
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Affiliation Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
- Persephone Borrow
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Affiliation The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Compton, United Kingdom
- George M. Shaw
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Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Tanmoy Bhattacharya
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Affiliations Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America, The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
- Bette T. Korber
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* E-mail: btk@lanl.gov
Affiliations Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America, The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: WF BFK AJM BFH BHH PB GMS BK. Performed the experiments: BFK CSH CDG LG SW PB. Analyzed the data: WF VVG EEG PTH CCL AN TCW ASP TB BK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WF VVG EEG BFK TL CCL PB GMS TB BK. Wrote the paper: WF VVG PTH TL GMS TB BK. Supervised aspects of data analysis: ASP.