About the Authors

Walter E. Gall

wgall@metabolon.com

Affiliation Metabolon, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Kirk Beebe

Affiliation Metabolon, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Kay A. Lawton

Affiliation Metabolon, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Klaus-Peter Adam

Affiliation Metabolon, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Matthew W. Mitchell

Affiliation Metabolon, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Pamela J. Nakhle

Affiliation Metabolon, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

John A. Ryals

Affiliation Metabolon, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Michael V. Milburn

Affiliation Metabolon, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Monica Nannipieri

Affiliation RISC (Relationship of Insulin Sensitivity to Cardiovascular Disease) Coordinating Office, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy

Stefania Camastra

Affiliation RISC (Relationship of Insulin Sensitivity to Cardiovascular Disease) Coordinating Office, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy

Andrea Natali

Affiliation RISC (Relationship of Insulin Sensitivity to Cardiovascular Disease) Coordinating Office, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy

Ele Ferrannini

Affiliation RISC (Relationship of Insulin Sensitivity to Cardiovascular Disease) Coordinating Office, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy

for the the RISC Study Group

A complete list of RISC Study Group investigators can be found in supplementary appendix (Appendix S1).

Competing Interests

W. Gall, K. Beebe, K. Lawton, K-P. Adam, M. Mitchell, P. Nakhle, John Ryals, and Mike Milburn are employees of Metabolon, Inc., a private company. M. Nannipieri, S. Camastra, A. Natali, and E. Ferrannini are faculty of University of Pisa School of Medicine.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WGPD EFMD. Performed the experiments: KPAPD. Analyzed the data: WGPD KBPD KALPD KPAPD MWMPD PJNPD JARPD MVMPD ANMD EFMD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KPAPD MWMPD MNMD SC ANMD EFMD. Wrote the paper: WGPD KBPD KALPD KPAPD MWMPD PJNPD EFMD.