About the Authors

James H. Hunt

jim_hunt@ncsu.edu

Affiliations Departments of Biology and Entomology and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America, National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Florian Wolschin

Affiliations Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Michael T. Henshaw

Affiliation Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States of America

Thomas C. Newman

Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

Amy L. Toth

Affiliations Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America, Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Gro V. Amdam

Affiliations Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JHH FW. Performed the experiments: JHH FW MTH. Analyzed the data: FW MTH AT GVA. Wrote the paper: JHH FW MTH AT GVA. Searched Apis mellifera genome for sequence matches to candidate genes: TCN. Designed primers for Polistes metricus: TCN.