About the Authors

Marzia Massignani

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Irene Canton

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Tao Sun

Affiliation Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Vanessa Hearnden

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine & Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Sheila MacNeil

Affiliation Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Adam Blanazs

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Steven P. Armes

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Andrew Lewis

Affiliation Biocompatibles UK Ltd, Farnham, United Kingdom

Giuseppe Battaglia

g.battaglia@sheffield.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

Prior to this manuscript the authors have filed a patent (EU Patent EP08156271.2) owned by Biocompaitbles. As a result of this, there is product CelLuminate(TM) commercialized by Biocompatibles based on some of the findings herein reported.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MM GB. Performed the experiments: MM IC TS VH AB GB. Analyzed the data: MM IC TS VH SM AB SPA GB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SM SPA AL GB. Wrote the paper: MM TS VH SM SPA AL GB.