About the Authors

Andrea Petróczi

A.Petroczi@kingston.ac.uk

Affiliations School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Eugene V. Aidman

Affiliations School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom, Land Operations Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, Australia

Iltaf Hussain

Affiliation School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom

Nawed Deshmukh

Affiliation School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom

Tamás Nepusz

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom

Martina Uvacsek

Affiliation Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

Miklós Tóth

Affiliation Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

James Barker

Affiliation School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom

Declan P. Naughton

Affiliation School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AP DPN. Performed the experiments: MU MT. Analyzed the data: AP EVA TN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AP EVA IH ND TN JB DPN. Wrote the paper: AP EVA IH ND JB DPN. Developed the implicit doping attitude test: AP EVA. Contributed to the design of the study and behavioural data analysis: EVA. Developed the methods for chemical analysis and performed the chemical analyses: IH ND. Developed the computerised test: TN. Contributed to the data acquisition and statistical analyses: TN. Contributed to drafting the manuscript: MU MT JB. Contributed to the chemical analysis: JB. Contributed to the method development for chemical analysis and interpretation of the results: DPN.