About the Authors

Pu Zhang

Affiliation Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Marco Zucchelli

Affiliation Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Sara Bruce

Affiliation Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Fredwell Hambiliki

Affiliation Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden

Anneli Stavreus-Evers

Affiliation Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala Academic hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

Lev Levkov

Affiliation Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden

Heli Skottman

Affiliation REGEA, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

Erja Kerkelä

Affiliation REGEA, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

Juha Kere

Contributed equally to this work with: Juha Kere, Outi Hovatta

Affiliations Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland

Outi Hovatta

Contributed equally to this work with: Juha Kere, Outi Hovatta

outi.hovatta@ki.se

Affiliation Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PZ JK OH. Performed the experiments: PZ EK. Analyzed the data: MZ SB HS EK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FH ASE LL JK OH. Wrote the paper: PZ MZ JK OH.