About the Authors

Scott Christley

scott.christley@uci.edu (SC); l xhx@uci.edu (XX)

Affiliations Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Department of Computer Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Center for Mathematical and Computational Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Qing Nie

Affiliations Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Center for Mathematical and Computational Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Xiaohui Xie

scott.christley@uci.edu (SC); l xhx@uci.edu (XX)

Affiliations Department of Computer Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Center for Mathematical and Computational Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SC QN XX. Performed the experiments: SC. Analyzed the data: SC QN XX. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SC QN XX. Wrote the paper: SC QN XX.