About the Authors

Luu Thi Lien

Contributed equally to this work with: Luu Thi Lien, Nguyen Thi Le Hang

Affiliation Hanoi Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam

Nguyen Thi Le Hang

Contributed equally to this work with: Luu Thi Lien, Nguyen Thi Le Hang

Affiliation International Medical Center of Japan - Bach Mai Hospital (IMCJ-BMH) Medical Collaboration Center, Hanoi, Viet Nam

Nobuyuki Kobayashi

Affiliation Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toyama Hospital, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

Hideki Yanai

Affiliation Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Emiko Toyota

Affiliation Department of Respiratory Diseases, NHO Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Shinsaku Sakurada

Affiliation Department of Respiratory Diseases, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

Pham Huu Thuong

Affiliation Hanoi Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam

Vu Cao Cuong

Affiliation General Planning Department, Hanoi Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam

Akiko Nanri

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and International Health, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

Tetsuya Mizoue

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and International Health, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

Ikumi Matsushita

Affiliation Department of Respiratory Diseases, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

Nobuyuki Harada

Affiliation Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Tokyo, Japan

Kazue Higuchi

Affiliation Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Tokyo, Japan

Le Anh Tuan

Affiliation Hanoi Department of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam

Naoto Keicho

keicho@ri.imcj.go.jp

Affiliation Department of Respiratory Diseases, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LTL NTLH NK HY ET SS PHT VCC NH KH LAT NK. Performed the experiments: NTLH VCC IM. Analyzed the data: NTLH AN TM NK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LTL NK HY ET SS PHT IM LAT NK. Wrote the paper: LTL NTLH NK.