About the Authors

Jeffrey H. Hager

Contributed equally to this work with: Jeffrey H. Hager, Danielle B. Ulanet

Current address: Apoptos Inc., San Diego, California, United State of America

Affiliation Diabetes and Hellen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centers, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Danielle B. Ulanet

Contributed equally to this work with: Jeffrey H. Hager, Danielle B. Ulanet

Affiliation Diabetes and Hellen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centers, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Lothar Hennighausen

Affiliation Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Douglas Hanahan

dh@biochem.ucsf.edu

Affiliation Diabetes and Hellen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centers, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JH DBU DH. Performed the experiments: JH DBU. Analyzed the data: JH DBU. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JH LH. Wrote the paper: JH DBU DH.