About the Authors

Emma C. Davies

Affiliations The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Christopher F. Green

Affiliation Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust, Pharmacy: Martindale House, Countess of Chester Health Park, Chester, United Kingdom

Stephen Taylor

Affiliation Centre for Medical Statistics and Health Evaluation, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Paula R. Williamson

Affiliation Centre for Medical Statistics and Health Evaluation, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

David R. Mottram

Affiliation School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Munir Pirmohamed

munirp@liv.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

MP is a member of the Commission on Human Medicines, and is Chair of its Pharmacovigilance Expert Advisory Group. All the other authors have nothing to declare.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ECD CFG DRM MP. Performed the experiments: ECD. Analyzed the data: ECD CFG ST PW DRM MP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ST PW. Wrote the paper: ECD CFG ST PW DRM MP.