About the Authors

Chuancheng Ren

Affiliations Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 5 Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Xuwen Gao

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Gang Niu

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Zhimin Yan

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Xiaoyuan Chen

Affiliation Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Heng Zhao

hzhao@stanford.edu

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: XC HZ. Performed the experiments: CR XG GN ZY. Analyzed the data: CR XC HZ. Wrote the paper: HZ.