About the Authors

Hemant Kulkarni

kulkarnih@uthscsa.edu (HK); ahujas@uthscsa.edu (SKA)

Affiliation Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

Vincent C. Marconi

Affiliations Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America

Brian K. Agan

Affiliation Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Carole McArthur

Affiliation Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America

George Crawford

Affiliation Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

Robert A. Clark

Affiliation Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

Matthew J. Dolan

Affiliations Infectious Disease Service, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States of America

Sunil K. Ahuja

kulkarnih@uthscsa.edu (HK); ahujas@uthscsa.edu (SKA)

Affiliations Veterans Administration Research Center for AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HK MJD SKA. Performed the experiments: MJD. Analyzed the data: HK MJD SKA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HK. Wrote the paper: HK SKA. Conducted statistical analyses: HK. Provided critical conceptual input and helped with the writing of the paper: VM BA CM GC RAC. Provided samples from Cameroon: CM.