About the Authors

Yuki Ishikawa

Affiliation Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Hitoshi Aonuma

Affiliation Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Toru Miura

miu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliation Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TM YI HA. Performed the experiments: YI. Analyzed the data: YI. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YI HA. Wrote the paper: TM YI HA.