About the Authors

Elie Aoun

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Chung-Chou H. Chang

Affiliations Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Julia B. Greer

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Georgios I. Papachristou

Affiliation Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

M. Michael Barmada

Affiliation Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

David C. Whitcomb

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: whitcomb@pitt.edu

Affiliations Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DW EA. Performed the experiments: EA CC. Analyzed the data: DW EA CC MB GP. Wrote the paper: DW EA JG.