Small and sick newborn care: Changes in service readiness scoring between baseline and 2023 for 65 neonatal units implementing with NEST360 in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania

• Rebecca E. Penzias ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: rebecca.penzias@lshtm.ac.uk

  Affiliation Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6668-9911

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• Morris Ondieki Ogero,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Software, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

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• Robert Tillya,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania

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• Irabi Kassim,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania

  ⨯
• Olabisi Dosunmu,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation APIN Public Health Initiatives, Abuja, Nigeria

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• Opeyemi Odedere,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations APIN Public Health Initiatives, Abuja, Nigeria, Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America

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• Hannah Mwaniki,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Vincent O. Ochieng,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Dolphine Mochache,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Samuel K. Ngwala,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi), Blantyre, Malawi

  ⨯
• Evelyn Zimba,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  ⨯
• Grace T. Soko,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi), Blantyre, Malawi

  ⨯
• Christine Bohne,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-1324

  ⨯
• David Gathara,

  Roles Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• James H. Cross,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7351-6601

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• Josephine Shabani,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania

  ⨯
• Catherine Paul,

  Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  ⨯
• Donat Shamba,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania

  ⨯
• Honorati Masanja,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania

  ⨯
• Nahya Salim,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-6478

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• Charles Osuagwu,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation APIN Public Health Initiatives, Abuja, Nigeria

  https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3693-7665

  ⨯
• Afeez Idowu,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation APIN Public Health Initiatives, Abuja, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Ifeanyichukwu Anthony Ogueji,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation APIN Public Health Initiatives, Abuja, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Olukemi Tongo,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Olabanjo Okunlola Ogunsola,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation APIN Public Health Initiatives, Abuja, Nigeria

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9601-0518

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• Veronica Chinyere Ezeaka,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

  ⨯
• Ekran Rashid,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• George Okello,

  Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  ⨯
• John Wainaina,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust, Nairobi, Kenya

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5593-1211

  ⨯
• William M. Macharia,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya

  ⨯
• Msandeni Chiume,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi), Blantyre, Malawi, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-8563

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• Alfred Chalira,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi

  ⨯
• Queen Dube,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi), Blantyre, Malawi, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi

  ⨯
• Edith Gicheha,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  ⨯
• Elizabeth M. Molyneux,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (formerly College of Medicine, University of Malawi), Blantyre, Malawi

  ⨯
• Millicent Alooh,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1433-5046

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• Simon Cousens,

  Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

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• Maria Oden,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-0811

  ⨯
• Rebecca Richards-Kortum,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Rice360 Institute for Global Health Technologies, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-9467

  ⨯
• Joy E. Lawn ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ Joint senior authors.

  Affiliation Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-1443

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•  [ ... ],
• Eric O. Ohuma

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ Joint senior authors.

  Affiliation Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, & Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

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