Fig 1.
Time series of military expenditures and DOD energy consumption.
Table 1.
Results for the asymmetric relationship between military expenditures and DOD energy consumption.
Table 2.
Results for the asymmetric relationship between military expenditures and DOD energy consumption.
Fig 2.
Coefficient plot of short-run effects.
Note: V&E = vehicle & equipment energy consumption. Estimated slope coefficients with their 95% confidence interval are presented. A positive coefficient for Military Exp.Decrease indicates a decrease in energy consumption, and a negative coefficient indicates an increase in energy consumption.
Fig 3.
Coefficient plot of long-run effects.
Note: V&E = vehicle & equipment energy consumption. Estimated slope coefficients with their 95% confidence interval are presented. Inconclusive region corresponds to z-statistics in between 1.10 and 3.68. A positive coefficient for Military Exp.Decrease indicates a decrease in energy consumption, and a negative coefficient indicates an increase in energy consumption.
Table 3.
Seven forecast scenarios.
Fig 4.
Forecast for each scenario, 2023-2032.
Table 4.
Annual Difference in Energy Consumption Relative to Historical Median Change by 2032.