Fig 1.
A conceptual framework of the diffusion and adoption of adaptation technologies in water use and their outcomes.
Note: Climatic adaptation measures in the water sector are rated according to the capacity required for implementation and are marked as low (L), moderate (M), or high (H).
Fig 2.
Location of the study area (Krishnanagar and Mathureshpur Unions, Kaliganj Upazila, Satkhira District).
Data layer source: HDX 2022. Note: The names of the studied villages are marked on each Union map.
Table 1.
Distribution of occupational backgrounds of FGD participants in Krishnanagar and Mathureshpur Unions.
Table 2.
The dependency on water sources for drinking, domestic use, and irrigation in the study area (n = 300; multiple responses possible).
Table 3.
Experienced impact of climatic variabilities on available water sources by the locals.
Fig 3.
Impacts of climatic variability on water sources as reported by the respondents in the study area (n = 300).
Source: Collected field data 2022.
Table 4.
Distribution (%) of uses of technology for drinking, domestic, and irrigation water supply by socioeconomic group (n = 300; multiple responses possible).
Fig 4.
The relative effectiveness of various technology-based adaptations at reducing climate-induced water stress in the study area (n = 300).
Source: Collected field data 2022.
Fig 5.
(A) Technologies being used for water supply - Rainwater harvesting (RWH) (B) Low-lifting pump (LLP) (C) Deep submersible pump (DSP) attached with deep tube well (DTW) (D) Reverse-osmosis plant (RO).
Fig 6.
Distribution (%) of communication channels for spreading knowledge and information related to technology-based adaptations in the water sector (n = 300).
Source: Collected field data 2022.
Table 5.
Overall costing of adopting different technologies.