Table 1.
Overview of the nine African ape taxa.
Table 2.
Evidence of impact of changes in climatic variables and extreme events on apes.
Fig 1.
Geographic range for the nine ape taxa for bonobo (Pan paniscus), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei) and western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla).
Country outline data was obtained from the R package ‘mapdata’ (cran.r-project.org/package=mapdata).
Fig 2.
Mean temperature and annual precipitation for the past period (1981–2010) across 333 ape sites.
Sites where chimpanzees and gorillas occur are drawn as squares with two colours.
Fig 3.
Temperature anomaly across all ape sites.
Temperature anomaly is the difference to the average annual temperature of the reference period 1979–2013. Thick lines in the boxplots show the median, bottom end of the box the first quartile and top end of the box the third quartile. Dark blue: Third quartile below zero, light blue: Median below zero and third quartile above zero, light red: Median above zero and first quartile below zero, dark red: Median and first quartile above zero.
Fig 4.
Projected exposure of African ape sites (n = 333) to wildfires for two scenarios.
(a) RCP2.6 near term (2021–2050) and (b) RCP6.0 long term (2071–2099). Top row: Number of years with an event within the time period. Bottom row: Number of sites and number of apes projected to be exposed to the respective number of years with an event. Maps for all four scenarios in Fig J in S1 Text. Country outline data was obtained from the R package ‘mapdata’ (cran.r-project.org/package=mapdata).
Fig 5.
Projected exposure of African ape sites (n = 333) to crop failure for two scenarios.
(a) RCP2.6 near term (2021–2050) and (b) RCP6.0 long term (2071–2099). Top row: Number of years with an event within the time period. Bottom row: Number of sites and number of apes projected to be exposed to the respective number of years with an event. Maps for all four scenarios in Fig E in S1 Text. Country outline data was obtained from the R package ‘mapdata’ (cran.r-project.org/package=mapdata).
Fig 6.
Projected exposure of African ape sites (n = 333) to river floods for two scenarios.
(a) RCP2.6 near term (2021–2050) and (b) RCP6.0 long term (2071–2099). Top row: Number of years with an event within the time period. Bottom row: Number of sites and number of apes projected to be exposed to the respective number of years with an event. Maps for all four scenarios in Fig H in S1 Text. Country outline data was obtained from the R package ‘mapdata’ (cran.r-project.org/package=mapdata).
Fig 7.
Projected exposure of African ape sites (n = 333) to heatwaves for two scenarios.
(a) RCP2.6 near term (2021–2050) and (b) RCP6.0 long term (2071–2099). Top row: Number of years with an event within the time period. Bottom row: Number of sites and number of apes projected to be exposed to the respective number of years with an event. Maps for all four scenarios in Fig G in S1 Text. Country outline data was obtained from the R package ‘mapdata’ (cran.r-project.org/package=mapdata).