Fig 1.
Bivariate plot showing the vulnerability and impacts of combinations of climate hazards and infrastructure types.
Per climate hazard and infrastructure combination, the vulnerability of the infrastructure to this hazard is characterised as either low, medium or high (from light to dark). Similarly, the impact of infrastructure disruptions in case of a climate hazard occurrence is characterised as low, medium or high (from light to dark). Together, this creates a risk classification system of nine different types of combinations, as indicated by the colours. This characterisation is based on expert judgment of the review authors.
Fig 2.
Map showing the location, climate hazards and affected infrastructure for a subset of recent high impact events.
Further details are provided in S1 Table. The basemap used in this Fig is from the Global Administrative Areas (GADM) database (https://gadm.org/).
Fig 3.
Four-tier framework of climate risks to infrastructure following Dawson et al. [17], including the three modelling trade-offs.
Fig 4.
Overview of operational thresholds for extreme wind speeds, extreme heat and extreme cold temperature across infrastructure sectors.
The bars indicate ranges provided in the literature while dots indicate an indicative value as mentioned in the literature. See S2 Table for further details.