Fig 1.
Temporal distribution of FiCli documented and projected papers.
The top panel bar graph is the total number of papers in the Fish and Climate Change (FiCli) database by year (brown = documented studies; teal = projected studies). The top panel line graph is the cumulative proportion of documented papers over time. The bottom panel bar graph is the proportion of papers in each topic by year. The vertical lines indicate important milestones in global biodiversity and climate change policy (IPCC = Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change founded; CBD = Convention on Biological Diversity ratified; MDGs = United Nations Millennium Development Goals ratified; MEA = Millennium Ecosystem Assessment published; IPBES = Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services founded; SDGs = United Nations Sustainable Development Goals ratified).
Fig 2.
Hierarchical relationships and gaps between FiCli topics.
A) Dendrogram of topics of papers in the Fish and Climate Change (FiCli) database. The height (y-axis) of the dendrogram represents the dissimilarity between topics. B) The topic gap distance between two pairs of topics of papers. Blue cells are topic pairs with high overlap of papers between the two topics; red cells have little to no overlap in papers between the two topics.
Table 1.
Topic modeling topics, the top 20 associated topic words, and comparable artificial intelligence (AI) generated themes from a ChatGPT query via OpenAI.com from the prompt: “What are ten literature themes in published research on climate change effects on inland fish?”.
Fig 3.
Temporal popularity of FiCli topics.
Mean annual change in topic popularity between consecutive years of topic weights within each paper expressed as a percentage. Blue topics grew and red topics shrank in popularity within the Fish and Climate Change (FiCli) database between 1985 and 2021.
Fig 4.
Topic similarity and specificity for FiCli documented and projected papers.
Based on word distributions of title, abstract, and keywords for papers in the Fish and Climate Change (FiCli) database summarized using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS): A) Similarity in word distributions between topics as indicated by their proximity in ordination space, and B) Topic specificity with more general papers found in the upper left; more specific papers are found in the lower right. Bubbles are scaled by the total number of papers in a topic and color relates to the proportion of documented studies in a topic (brown = more documented studies; teal = more projected studies).
Table 2.
Proportion of lentic and lotic responses in the Fish and Climate Change (FiCli) database summarized by topic.