Table 1.
Scope 3 emissions categories.
Fig 1.
Scope 3 data coverage over time.
This figure summaries the data coverage of the three Scope 3 emissions datasets (Bloomberg, Refinitiv Eikon and ISS) in 2013–2019. Panel (a) presents the number of observations over time, panel (b) presents the proportion of firms that also have Scope 3 emissions data relative to those with Scope 1 or 2 emissions data, and panel (c) presents the pairwise scatter plots of the three datasets.
Fig 2.
Divergence between three Scope 3 emissions datasets in 2013–2019.
This figure illustrates the divergence between three of the largest third-party datasets (ISS ESG, Refinitiv Eikon and Bloomberg) as described in Section 4.1. The three-way matched dataset includes 6,725 firm-year observations of aggregated Scope 3 emissions in 2013–2019. Panel (a) presents the cumulative proportion of data points that lies within a certain cut-off point of percentage errors (the direction of divergence). Panel (b) presents the cumulative proportion of data points that lie within a certain cut-off point of absolute percentage errors (the magnitude of divergence).
Table 2.
Divergence statistics between three Scope 3 emissions datasets in 2013–2019.
This table summarises the analyses of divergence between three of the largest third-party datasets (ISS ESG, Refinitiv Eikon and Bloomberg) as described in Section 4.1 and Fig 2.
Table 3.
Completeness and Relevance of Scope 3 emissions categories over time.
This table summarises the analyses of completeness and relevance of Scope 3 emissions categories over time as described in Section 4.2. For each category, completeness is measured based on the proportion of firms that choose to disclose each category (higher: green, lower: red), relevance is measured based on the weighted mean relative contribution of each category to Scope 3 intensities (by firm intensities) (higher: green, lower: red). Unreported categories (i.e., missing carbon intensity values) are set to zero. The sample is 9,518 observations from 1,972 firms that disclose the composition of Scope 3 in the Bloomberg dataset in 2010–2019.
Table 4.
Completeness and Relevance of Scope 3 emissions categories across sectors.
This table summarises the analyses of completeness and relevance of Scope 3 emissions categories across sector as described in Section 4.2. For each category, completeness is measured based on the proportion of firms that choose to disclose each category (higher: green, lower: red), relevance is measured based on the weighted mean relative contribution of each category to Scope.
Table 5.
Performance of machine learning prediction models.
Table 6.
Performance of the best model with alternative measures.