Table 1.
India’s Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) indicators and its associated high-level United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
Fig 1.
India’s Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) and Heat Index (HI) estimation.
(A) CVI illustrated as Low, Moderate and High levels across states.; (B) Estimated heatwave impact (HI) in April 2022 using data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) (data source: [27]). (C) Temperature anomaly caused in India due to heatwaves in April 2022, estimated using the IMD data (source: [27]) [Note: Due to lack of data, the Union Territories of India (except 30.Ladakh) are excluded from our analysis. The GIS shapefile for the spatial analysis is adopted from [33] under MIT License].
Fig 2.
The Heat Index (HI) identifies more of India’s vulnerabilities than the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI).
The y-axis represents the state-wise HI categories (extreme danger, danger, extreme caution, caution and low risk). The x-axis represents the state-wise CVI categories per UN SDGs. States with blank CVI scores for corresponding SDGs is due to missing data (source: [16]).
Fig 3.
India’s progress in SDGs with deaths due to extreme weather events in the last two decades (2001–2021).
Fig 4.
Delhi’s heatwave impact for April 2022.
(A) District-level climate change vulnerability assessment as per the Delhi Government classification.; (B) Air temperature during heatwaves, and (C) Estimated heat index (HI) at district-level. The GIS shapefile for the spatial analysis is adopted from [45] under the CC BY-SA 2.5 IN license.