Table 1.
List of acronyms, meanings and units of all measurements or calculations on Atlantic sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, during an 8-week exposure to CO2 enrichment.
Fig 1.
Experimental carbonate chemistry for Atlantic sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus, during an 8-week experiment where seawater was enriched with CO2 (low, medium, or high).
Reported means ± standard error of measured (A) salinity, (B) temperature (°C), (C) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, μmol kg-1) and (D) pH (at 20°C, seawater scale) in the experimental tanks (N = 3 per CO2 enrichment). The carbonate variables (E) pH*(in situ pH), (F) ρCO2* (μatm), (G) calcite*, and (H) aragonite* were calculated at measured temperature using CO2SYS with the constants set as Lueker et al. [40], Dickson [41], and boron value from Lee et al. [32]. The circle solid line was low-CO2 enrichment, the triangle dotted line was medium-CO2 enrichment, and the square dash line was high-CO2 enrichment.
Table 2.
Mean value and standard error of carbonate chemistry for Atlantic sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus, for the entire 8-week experiment for each CO2 enrichment (low, medium, or high).
Measured values were pH (at 20°C, seawater scale) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, μmol kg-1). Parameters that were calculated using CO2SYS include pH* at in situ temperature (seawater scale), ρCO2, calcite and aragonite. The following constants were used in CO2SYS: K1, K2 [40], potassium sulfate [41]; and boron [42]. Superscript numbers indicate significantly different groups (p-values <0.05).
Fig 2.
Feeding rates for Atlantic sea scallops, Atlantic sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus.
The main effect with respect to CO2 for (A) clearance rate (CR, l hr-1), (B) organic ingestion rate (OIR, mg h-1), (C) assimilation rate (AR, mg h-1), and (D) assimilation efficiency (AE), while the main effects of temperature were (E) CR, (F) OIR, (G) AR, and (H) AE. The numbers indicate significant differences in the measured values between each treatment level (p<0.05).
Table 3.
Physiological measurements for Atlantic sea scallops, Atlantic sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus.
Clearance rate (CR, l h-1), organic ingestion rate (OIR, mg h-1), assimilation rate (AR, mg h-1), and assimilation efficiency (AE), respiration rate (RR, mg O2 h-1), excretion rate (ER, μg N h-1), O:N ratio, assimilated energy (A, J h-1), total catabolic energy (R+U, J h-1), and scope for growth (SFG, J h-1) measured on Atlantic sea scallops every other week during an eight-week exposure to different CO2 treatments (low, medium, and high). If the p-value was <0.05, an interaction was detected between temperature and CO2 enrichment. Superscripts indicate different groups within the CO2 enrichment level when there was a significant interaction.
Fig 3.
Respiration rate (RR, mg O2 h-1), excretion rate (ER μg N h-1), and oxygen:nitrogen ratio (O:N) for Atlantic sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus.
The main effect with respect to CO2 for (A) RR, (B) ER, (C) O:N, while the main effects of temperature for (D) RR, (E) ER, and (F) O:N. The numbers indicate significant differences in the measured values between each treatment level (p<0.05).
Fig 4.
Energetic energy for Atlantic sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus.
The main effect with respect to CO2 for (A) assimilated energy (A, J h-1), (B) total catabolic energy (R+U, J h-1), and (C) scope for growth (SFG, J h-1), while the main effects of temperature for (D) A, (E) R+U, and (F) SFG. The numbers indicate significant differences in the measured values between each treatment level (p<0.05).
Table 4.
Means and standard error of daily growth rates of Atlantic sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus over an 8-week exposure to different CO2 enrichment levels (low, medium, and high).
Shell height (mm) was measured from the umbo to the outer shell margin, dried tissue weight (DTW, g) and dried shell weight (DSW, g) were determined by rinsing, shucking the animal, and drying tissues and shells in an oven at 60°C until constant weight was achieved. The superscript numbers indicate significant differences in the measured values between each treatment level (p<0.05).